Volume 10, Number 2 • March/April 2002 • Aerospace Technology Development

X-38 Test Craft Completes Flight

The X-38 vehicle drops away from its launch pylon on the wing of NASAÕs NB-52B mothership as it begins its eighth free flight. Photo courtesy of Dryden Flight Research Center.

The X-38 prototype crew rescue vehicle successfully completed its highest, fastest and longest flight to date recently at NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center in Edwards, California—a test flight that intersected some of the most critical conditions such a craft would experience when returning from space.

“The X-38 tests involve innovative technologies that will be useful for many future human spacecraft, as well as a crew rescue vehicle,” said X-38 Crew Return Vehicle (CRV) program manager John Muratore. “Although the production of the crew rescue vehicle for the station is deferred, we are continuing to test and mature these technologies to reduce the technical and cost risk of a future CRV production program.”

The landing test, the eighth large-scale flight test for the program, began with the release of the X-38 from NASA’s B-52 aircraft at an altitude of 45,000 feet, more than a mile higher than any previous test. During the test, the X-38 reached transonic speeds, velocities at the fringes of the sound barrier, as it flew free of the aircraft for almost a minute, descending three miles before its drogue parachute was deployed. The drogue parachute slowed the vehicle from more than 500 miles per hour to about 60 miles an hour, setting the stage for deployment of the 7,500-square-foot-parafoil wing. The X-38’s parafoil is the largest one ever built, with a surface area more than one and a half times that of the wings of a 747 jumbo jet.

Descending under the parafoil, the X-38’s proposed cockpit displays and controls were tested as an astronaut pilot remotely controlled portions of the craft’s descent. The flight test also continued checkouts of European Space Agency-developed software that guides the parafoil, steering the X-38 to a safe landing. After a 12-minute gliding descent, the uncrewed X-38 touched down at a speed of less than 40 miles an hour on the clay surface of Rogers Dry Lake on Edwards Air Force Base, California.

The flight also successfully tested new X-38 flight control software modes specifically designed for a vehicle returning from space, improvements to the drogue parachute deployment and enhancements to the parafoil’s landing accuracy. The test was the third X-38 mission using the parafoil sized for the actual space flight CRV. The test also was the third flight of an X-38 shape that includes a semicircular cross- section aft end. The European-influenced semicircular aft end could allow the X-38 to be compatible with launches on expendable vehicles. The X-38 project combines proven technologies—a shape borrowed from a 1970s Air Force project—with some of the most cutting-edge aerospace technology available today. Although the United States has led the development of the X-38, international space agencies also are participating. Contributing countries include Germany, Belgium, Italy, The Netherlands, France, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland. NASA’s Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas leads the X-38 program and builds the test vehicles. NASA’s Dryden Flight Research Center flight-tests the evolving X-38s. Q

For more information, contact Frank Cutler at Dryden Flight Research Center, 661/276-3998, frank.cutler@dfrc.nasa.gov. Please mention you read about it in Innovation.

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